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hi i'm beth wilson and i'm here today

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with ken hyde how are you ken i'm well

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thank you and we are at your workshop

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the right experience and i was wondering

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what the right experience does and what

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fascinates you about the wright brothers

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well we're inspired by the wright

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brothers just the simple fact that they

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were so secretive about their work

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and how they were able to use just

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simple math to develop the airplane

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where no one else could do that so

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that's our job is to figure out what

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they were thinking and how they were

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building airplanes and do you build

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these airplanes correct we do we build

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the aircraft and we reverse engineer

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them we have

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aerodynamics look at them we put them in

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wind tunnels we flight test them and get

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as much data as we possibly can

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and are you all fearless enough to fly

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these things oh yes the airplanes need

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to be flown

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to barely have

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the full joy of the work that we do so

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the 1902 glider and the right model b

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are all airplanes that we've flown plus

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this is 730.

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hi i'm beth wilson and i'm coming to you

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live from the wright brothers gallery

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at the national air and space museum and

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today we are talking about this airplane

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does anyone know what this airplane is

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any guesses

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okay well this is the very first

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airplane this is the

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uh built by the wright brothers it was

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the first successful airplane to ever

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fly and today is the 100th and 11th

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anniversary of that flight and that's

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why we're talking to you today so what

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we're going to do is i'm going to ask

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you all my students here from blow

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pierce

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what do you need to fly

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what do you need

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wings you need wings and here on my desk

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i know it's a little hard for you all to

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see it but i have i have a wing and you

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can tell it's a wing shape because it's

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fat at this end and then it tapers and

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it gets thinner at this end but just as

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important as this shape is this shape

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okay

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now i know this is a little hard to see

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so what we've done is we've essentially

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taken an airplane wing and sliced it up

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so that you could see this section this

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is called an airfoil now an airfoil is

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curved on the top and it's flat on the

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bottom and the way an airfoil works is

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it had wings okay i would be going down

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the runway

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and the air would hit the leading edge

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or this front part of the airfoil and

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some of the air would go over the top

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and some of it would go under the bottom

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now the air on the top starts moving

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more quickly and this faster moving air

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creates a lower pressure so there's less

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air pushing on the top but there's

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greater pressure up underneath and these

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two try and equal out and that's what

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lifts a wing or an airplane into the air

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now i know this is hard for you to

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understand by me just telling you

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so you all here in the museum have a

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piece of paper right so i want you all

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to pinch either end of your piece of

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paper

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and we're going to put this on our top

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lip

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and we're going to blow but before we

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blow which way is the paper going to go

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is it going to go up or is it going to

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go

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because you are pushing your breath is

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pushing the paper up into the air now

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we're going to do the same thing but

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we're going to put the paper on our

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lower lip right here and we're going to

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blow but before we blow which way is the

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paper going goes it going to go up or is

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it going to go down

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which way did the paper go

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up and it went up because you had faster

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moving air over this top surface that

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created a lower pressure and that lifted

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the paper into the air now the wright

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brothers knew that in order to make a

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good wing you'd have to have a good

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airfoil shape and they tested those

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airfoil shapes in a wind tunnel and

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right here we have

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tom crouch senior curator and

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paul glenshaw and they're going to talk

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to us a little bit about the the right

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wind tunnel

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beth well this is beth said is the right

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wind tunnel not the real one but it's an

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exact replica of it and it's pretty

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simple it's just a wooden box down here

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and there's a fan inside this metal

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housing

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so the fan moves air through the wooden

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box but the neat part is what's inside

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the tunnel this thing is called a

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balance and it's what the wright

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brothers use

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to get the data on their airfoils

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the balance is just the thing you

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put little model wings just like this

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one

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has cambers curved

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just like best wing was

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and so when you turn the wind tunnel on

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the little wing

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reacts just the way a wing does in the

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real air so paul you want to

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show us what happens here thanks tom

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yeah what

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what i'm going to do what the balance

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does is very similar to what you might

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do if you put your hand outside a car

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window while it's moving if you put your

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hand out just like this it's going to

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blow straight back that's called drag

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but if you turn your hand a little bit

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so it's like this

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your hand's going to go up you're going

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to get faster moving air on the front

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slower air on the bottom and you're

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going to get that lift effect and so

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what the wright brothers did is they

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created a little balance where on the

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bottom we just have little metal fingers

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that only make drag and they turn the

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balance one way and we have the wing

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which wants to turn the bounce the other

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way so what i'm going to do is turn the

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tunnel on and i'm going to block the air

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off to the wing so we'll see the drag

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turn it one way and then i'll pull it

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away the

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wind will hit the airfoil and it'll

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actually

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create lift so we'll look at it up here

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so when i block it off

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balance rotates the drag is pulling the

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balance that way

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and when i pull it away the wing rotates

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it that way

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so that's drag

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and that's lift

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so it's operating in the wind tunnel

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just the little model wing just the way

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a real wing does in the air and what the

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wright brothers did is they started

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playing with the shape of the wing they

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had someone that were squares some that

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were long and they measured them all

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exactly the same way and they started to

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see that long skinny wings were going to

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work much better than short stubby wings

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which is what they had been using

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thanks paul

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thanks tom and we have an online

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question uh tom can you tell us how big

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was the wright brothers airplane

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well you can see it right back here this

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is the real

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wright brothers airplane and so you can

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see roughly what size it is there's uh

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wilbur orville rather laying there on

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the airplane so

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there it is

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okay and we have a question in the

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and i want to know

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why did they think of

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like building it why did they want to

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build an airplane why did they want to

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build an airplane tom can you tell us

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why did they want to build an airplane

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well a lot of people when they were

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working right at the beginning of the

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20th century

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a lot of people were interested in the

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invention of the flying machine flying

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is something people had dreamed about

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for a long long long time

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and bit by bit pieces had fallen into

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place and so there was a sense wilbur

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and orville had it and other people did

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too

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that the time was ripe a lot of pieces

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were in place and this was the time to

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really

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attack the flying machine problem and

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wilbur and orville have been interested

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in flight since they were your age so

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they thought about this a lot okay and

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we have another online question

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and the question is what was the right's

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very first invention

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well the wright brothers didn't start

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with the airplane their first business

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that they did together was to run a

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print shop they printed little

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neighborhood newspapers and other things

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a shopping flyers and that kind of thing

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and orville

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actually built a very different kind of

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printing press that just

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really impressed printers all over

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dayton their hometown

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when they were operating their bicycle

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shop

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or they invented a special bicycle wheel

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hub as well so i mean they were

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inventive creative guys and that was

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happening before they turned their

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attention to the flying machine okay and

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speaking of bicycles you all can see i

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have a bike on my table

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why do you think i would have a bicycle

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why is this bike here

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a the safety bike became popular in the

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late 1880s

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b

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flyer

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c the wright brothers built bicycles

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before they built airplanes or d all of

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so

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you were correct

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it was all of the above and to explain a

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little bit more about how bicycles and

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airplanes are related i spoke to our

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chief curator

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peter jacob and he's going to talk to us

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peter

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you're chief curator of the museum why

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why are you riding a bicycle in the

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museum because a bicycle is a wonderful

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way to show something really important

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about how the wright brothers invented

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the airplane and what was that well an

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airplane of course has to be controlled

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if you can't control the airplane you're

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not going to be very successful in the

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air and airplane is very similar to a

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bicycle in that an airplane although

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it's very unstable is very controllable

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just like a bicycle now if you look at a

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bicycle if you let it go look at that it

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falls over it's totally unstable but

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when you're riding it by turning the

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wheel and leaning in and out you can

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make it very controllable and the wright

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brothers took that idea and transferred

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it to the airplane now before the wright

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brothers got involved with airplanes

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they were bicycle manufacturers in fact

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we have one of their original bicycles

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right here in the case

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so are there any other connections

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between bicycles and the first airplane

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yeah being very familiar with bicycle

279
00:12:25,990 --> 00:12:23,920
technology the wright brothers were able

280
00:12:27,750 --> 00:12:26,000
to transfer some of those ideas to the

281
00:12:29,269 --> 00:12:27,760
airplane in addition to the control if

282
00:12:31,670 --> 00:12:29,279
you look very carefully on the bicycle

283
00:12:33,190 --> 00:12:31,680
you see the way the pedals and the

284
00:12:35,110 --> 00:12:33,200
wheels are connected is with a chain and

285
00:12:36,949 --> 00:12:35,120
sprocket transmission system so when you

286
00:12:38,470 --> 00:12:36,959
turn the pedals you see the wheel turns

287
00:12:40,310 --> 00:12:38,480
if you look at the airplane you see they

288
00:12:42,069 --> 00:12:40,320
use the same technology to connect the

289
00:12:45,430 --> 00:12:42,079
propellers to the engine

290
00:12:47,590 --> 00:12:45,440
oh that's great okay but no more riding

291
00:12:49,829 --> 00:12:47,600
in the museum all right okay as long as

292
00:12:52,629 --> 00:12:49,839
we get the ideas across i'll stop

293
00:12:54,710 --> 00:12:52,639
writing thank you

294
00:12:56,389 --> 00:12:54,720
okay so as peter mentioned you have to

295
00:12:58,389 --> 00:12:56,399
be able to control an airplane once you

296
00:13:00,230 --> 00:12:58,399
get it off the ground and the first way

297
00:13:02,550 --> 00:13:00,240
to control an airplane is pitch it's

298
00:13:04,550 --> 00:13:02,560
this up and down motion and this is

299
00:13:06,310 --> 00:13:04,560
controlled by the elevator in the front

300
00:13:08,150 --> 00:13:06,320
an easy way to remember that is an

301
00:13:10,150 --> 00:13:08,160
elevator in the building only goes up

302
00:13:12,550 --> 00:13:10,160
and down and the elevator in the front

303
00:13:15,269 --> 00:13:12,560
of a plane controls the pitch the second

304
00:13:18,790 --> 00:13:15,279
way to control a plane is yaw it's this

305
00:13:20,389 --> 00:13:18,800
motion this helps stabilize the plane

306
00:13:21,430 --> 00:13:20,399
and it's controlled back here with the

307
00:13:23,590 --> 00:13:21,440
rudder

308
00:13:26,790 --> 00:13:23,600
the third and final way to control a

309
00:13:29,190 --> 00:13:26,800
plane is roll and roll allows you to

310
00:13:31,030 --> 00:13:29,200
turn a plane while it's in flight so

311
00:13:33,430 --> 00:13:31,040
those are the three ways that you are

312
00:13:35,509 --> 00:13:33,440
able to control a plane once you get it

313
00:13:37,990 --> 00:13:35,519
off the ground so let's have you all

314
00:13:38,790 --> 00:13:38,000
stand up and anybody else watching stand

315
00:13:41,189 --> 00:13:38,800
up

316
00:13:42,629 --> 00:13:41,199
put your arms to your side do not hit

317
00:13:45,430 --> 00:13:42,639
the person next to you we're going to

318
00:13:49,750 --> 00:13:45,440
practice yo roll pitch and yaw so let's

319
00:13:50,949 --> 00:13:49,760
start with pitch ready let's pitch

320
00:13:53,670 --> 00:13:50,959
okay

321
00:13:54,629 --> 00:13:53,680
now we're gonna y'all

322
00:13:58,949 --> 00:13:54,639
y'all

323
00:14:05,750 --> 00:13:58,959
roll

324
00:14:08,949 --> 00:14:06,629
what

325
00:14:10,790 --> 00:14:08,959
one of the problems that the one of the

326
00:14:12,629 --> 00:14:10,800
challenges that the wright brothers had

327
00:14:14,629 --> 00:14:12,639
was to try and figure out how to make an

328
00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:14,639
airplane roll there were a lot of people

329
00:14:18,150 --> 00:14:16,240
working on inventing the airplane at the

330
00:14:19,590 --> 00:14:18,160
same time that the wright brothers were

331
00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:19,600
and they were all trying to figure this

332
00:14:24,710 --> 00:14:21,920
problem out well the older of the two

333
00:14:26,470 --> 00:14:24,720
brothers wilbur had sold an inner tube

334
00:14:28,310 --> 00:14:26,480
at the bicycle shop and he was playing

335
00:14:29,670 --> 00:14:28,320
with the bike and he was he was bending

336
00:14:31,829 --> 00:14:29,680
or he's playing with the box and he's

337
00:14:34,230 --> 00:14:31,839
bending the box like this and he thought

338
00:14:36,870 --> 00:14:34,240
to himself gee you know if i can get

339
00:14:39,350 --> 00:14:36,880
into change shape like this i can get it

340
00:14:41,590 --> 00:14:39,360
to roll because what's happening is on

341
00:14:43,590 --> 00:14:41,600
this end when this side goes up there's

342
00:14:45,670 --> 00:14:43,600
greater lift so that'll will go up and

343
00:14:48,069 --> 00:14:45,680
this side will go down and if i switch

344
00:14:50,389 --> 00:14:48,079
it it'll go the other way so i could get

345
00:14:52,949 --> 00:14:50,399
a plane to a roll if i can change the

346
00:14:55,509 --> 00:14:52,959
shape of the wings now he didn't go out

347
00:14:57,189 --> 00:14:55,519
and just invent the airplane he had to

348
00:14:59,829 --> 00:14:57,199
do some experiments and one of their

349
00:15:01,910 --> 00:14:59,839
first experiments was their kite and tom

350
00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:01,920
crouch is going to discuss with the cut

351
00:15:05,670 --> 00:15:04,480
discuss the kite with us today

352
00:15:08,230 --> 00:15:05,680
thanks beth

353
00:15:11,670 --> 00:15:08,240
indeed what we have right here

354
00:15:13,590 --> 00:15:11,680
is a full-scale model of the very first

355
00:15:14,870 --> 00:15:13,600
aircraft the wright brothers built and

356
00:15:17,350 --> 00:15:14,880
it was a kite

357
00:15:20,150 --> 00:15:17,360
and as beth explained they began by

358
00:15:22,629 --> 00:15:20,160
figuring out how to control an airplane

359
00:15:25,269 --> 00:15:22,639
in the air in roll pitch and yaw and the

360
00:15:28,069 --> 00:15:25,279
tough one was roll and having come up

361
00:15:30,389 --> 00:15:28,079
with the notion of twisting the wings

362
00:15:32,870 --> 00:15:30,399
changing the geometry of the wings they

363
00:15:35,189 --> 00:15:32,880
wanted to test that idea and they built

364
00:15:36,870 --> 00:15:35,199
this little kite it's got about a five

365
00:15:37,910 --> 00:15:36,880
foot wingspan

366
00:15:40,150 --> 00:15:37,920
and

367
00:15:43,509 --> 00:15:40,160
these things down here are the kite

368
00:15:45,749 --> 00:15:43,519
sticks it has two lines so you actually

369
00:15:47,509 --> 00:15:45,759
apply it by holding the sticks like this

370
00:15:50,310 --> 00:15:47,519
and the kites up there

371
00:15:53,269 --> 00:15:50,320
if you move your thumbs forward

372
00:15:55,749 --> 00:15:53,279
like that what will happen is

373
00:15:58,870 --> 00:15:55,759
the bottom wing will move forward or

374
00:16:00,470 --> 00:15:58,880
backward rather the top wing will will

375
00:16:03,509 --> 00:16:00,480
move backward the bottom wing moves

376
00:16:06,550 --> 00:16:03,519
forward and just the opposite

377
00:16:09,430 --> 00:16:06,560
if you put your thumbs the other way

378
00:16:11,269 --> 00:16:09,440
but the neat thing is if you oppose your

379
00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:11,279
thumbs like this

380
00:16:15,990 --> 00:16:14,959
what happens is that you put a twist a

381
00:16:18,389 --> 00:16:16,000
torsion

382
00:16:19,189 --> 00:16:18,399
across the wing and if you look at this

383
00:16:21,269 --> 00:16:19,199
wing

384
00:16:23,670 --> 00:16:21,279
this is angled up more than that is

385
00:16:26,629 --> 00:16:23,680
right so which side is going to have the

386
00:16:29,829 --> 00:16:26,639
most lift do you think this side

387
00:16:34,629 --> 00:16:32,550
this side absolutely because you've not

388
00:16:36,629 --> 00:16:34,639
only increased the angle but the lift

389
00:16:37,910 --> 00:16:36,639
and you can do just the same thing on

390
00:16:40,629 --> 00:16:37,920
the other side

391
00:16:43,590 --> 00:16:40,639
and so this is how the wright brothers

392
00:16:46,150 --> 00:16:43,600
by maneuvering their kite discovered how

393
00:16:47,590 --> 00:16:46,160
to control an airplane and roll

394
00:16:48,710 --> 00:16:47,600
and so

395
00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:48,720
as we

396
00:16:52,790 --> 00:16:50,880
we have to be able to control

397
00:16:55,030 --> 00:16:52,800
the airplane but they didn't use strings

398
00:16:56,389 --> 00:16:55,040
on the airplane did they they didn't no

399
00:16:58,389 --> 00:16:56,399
they didn't so

400
00:17:00,550 --> 00:16:58,399
we went to the right experience and we

401
00:17:02,550 --> 00:17:00,560
have a video showing you actually how

402
00:17:04,309 --> 00:17:02,560
the wings change shape so let's take a

403
00:17:05,669 --> 00:17:04,319
look and how they're controlled and now

404
00:17:07,590 --> 00:17:05,679
the point so we've been looking at the

405
00:17:09,669 --> 00:17:07,600
1903 wright fly that we have in the

406
00:17:12,309 --> 00:17:09,679
museum but here at the wright experience

407
00:17:14,069 --> 00:17:12,319
they have vin fizz do you want to tell

408
00:17:16,710 --> 00:17:14,079
us a little bit about this airplane and

409
00:17:18,789 --> 00:17:16,720
show us how the wings warp sure

410
00:17:21,429 --> 00:17:18,799
well this airplane built here at the

411
00:17:23,029 --> 00:17:21,439
right experience is an exact replica as

412
00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:23,039
close as you can come

413
00:17:26,789 --> 00:17:25,760
to the original vin phys which is on

414
00:17:30,150 --> 00:17:26,799
exhibit

415
00:17:33,350 --> 00:17:30,160
in the pioneers gallery in our museum

416
00:17:35,270 --> 00:17:33,360
this really is um incredibly accurate

417
00:17:38,230 --> 00:17:35,280
and of course it's the airplane that cal

418
00:17:41,029 --> 00:17:38,240
rogers did make the first coast-to-coast

419
00:17:42,390 --> 00:17:41,039
flight with but a good many stops not

420
00:17:45,270 --> 00:17:42,400
all of them

421
00:17:47,750 --> 00:17:45,280
intended or pleasant in fact it's a

422
00:17:51,270 --> 00:17:47,760
right model ex it's called

423
00:17:53,510 --> 00:17:51,280
and it's a fairly typical

424
00:17:55,750 --> 00:17:53,520
control system for right airplanes of

425
00:17:59,990 --> 00:17:55,760
this period of course

426
00:18:01,909 --> 00:18:00,000
in 19 from 1900 to 1905

427
00:18:04,070 --> 00:18:01,919
they were laying down on the airplane so

428
00:18:06,310 --> 00:18:04,080
they had different controls

429
00:18:08,390 --> 00:18:06,320
when they went to upright seating to

430
00:18:10,870 --> 00:18:08,400
carry a passenger they had to have

431
00:18:13,350 --> 00:18:10,880
upright controls and again these are

432
00:18:14,470 --> 00:18:13,360
typical of right controls for this

433
00:18:17,270 --> 00:18:14,480
period

434
00:18:18,710 --> 00:18:17,280
and this stick is the stick that warps

435
00:18:19,669 --> 00:18:18,720
the wings

436
00:18:22,390 --> 00:18:19,679
you go

437
00:18:24,950 --> 00:18:22,400
back and you can see the wings warp

438
00:18:28,230 --> 00:18:24,960
and forward

439
00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:31,430
forward

440
00:18:37,590 --> 00:18:34,390
and this is what we call the bent wrist

441
00:18:40,549 --> 00:18:37,600
control this is the control

442
00:18:43,909 --> 00:18:40,559
that feeds rudder into the ends of the

443
00:18:46,549 --> 00:18:43,919
system and that control is the pitch

444
00:18:48,470 --> 00:18:46,559
control that controls the elevator in

445
00:18:52,150 --> 00:18:48,480
the back of the airplane well thank you

446
00:18:54,830 --> 00:18:52,160
very much tom that's really interesting

447
00:18:58,390 --> 00:18:54,840
so tom we have an online

448
00:19:00,950 --> 00:18:58,400
question uh how did the rights fly

449
00:19:04,230 --> 00:19:00,960
how high did the rights fly well in the

450
00:19:07,430 --> 00:19:04,240
beginning with this airplane in 1903

451
00:19:10,470 --> 00:19:07,440
really not very high probably never more

452
00:19:12,630 --> 00:19:10,480
than 20 feet or so off the ground but as

453
00:19:15,750 --> 00:19:12,640
they continue to practice and develop

454
00:19:18,070 --> 00:19:15,760
the airplane by 1905 they've been

455
00:19:19,830 --> 00:19:18,080
practicing for two years and then they

456
00:19:22,070 --> 00:19:19,840
could fly basically as high as they

457
00:19:23,909 --> 00:19:22,080
wanted to and stay up as long as they

458
00:19:24,870 --> 00:19:23,919
wanted to okay and i think we have one

459
00:19:31,510 --> 00:19:24,880
question

460
00:19:34,789 --> 00:19:31,520
what inspired dwayne bros

461
00:19:36,950 --> 00:19:34,799
oh what inspired the wright brothers

462
00:19:38,390 --> 00:19:36,960
well as i said

463
00:19:41,430 --> 00:19:38,400
a lot of people

464
00:19:43,430 --> 00:19:41,440
wanted to fly at the time the wright

465
00:19:45,909 --> 00:19:43,440
brothers became involved they weren't

466
00:19:47,830 --> 00:19:45,919
the only ones lots of people did

467
00:19:50,950 --> 00:19:47,840
and the wright brothers were really

468
00:19:53,270 --> 00:19:50,960
fascinated by problem solving solving

469
00:19:55,270 --> 00:19:53,280
difficult technical problems that's

470
00:19:57,750 --> 00:19:55,280
really what made them get up in the

471
00:20:01,110 --> 00:19:57,760
morning and why they push forward with

472
00:20:03,669 --> 00:20:01,120
this they really enjoyed that problem

473
00:20:05,750 --> 00:20:03,679
solving and really that's what inspired

474
00:20:08,070 --> 00:20:05,760
them once they got started they just

475
00:20:12,230 --> 00:20:08,080
couldn't let go until they had solved

476
00:20:15,590 --> 00:20:13,990
okay so we had do we have one more

477
00:20:20,710 --> 00:20:15,600
question

478
00:20:22,549 --> 00:20:20,720
how long did it take him to

479
00:20:24,230 --> 00:20:22,559
build the airplane how long did it take

480
00:20:26,390 --> 00:20:24,240
to build the airplane from the kite to

481
00:20:28,950 --> 00:20:26,400
the airplane well they began again with

482
00:20:31,750 --> 00:20:28,960
the kite in 1899

483
00:20:34,870 --> 00:20:31,760
they built three gliders to get used to

484
00:20:36,110 --> 00:20:34,880
flying and to develop the technology

485
00:20:37,669 --> 00:20:36,120
1900

486
00:20:39,270 --> 00:20:37,679
191-1902

487
00:20:42,390 --> 00:20:39,280
and then they built the world's first

488
00:20:45,190 --> 00:20:42,400
powered airplane in 1903

489
00:20:46,870 --> 00:20:45,200
and two more after that this airplane

490
00:20:50,230 --> 00:20:46,880
was successful

491
00:20:52,630 --> 00:20:50,240
but it wasn't really practical by 1905

492
00:20:54,789 --> 00:20:52,640
they had an airplane that would go up as

493
00:20:58,230 --> 00:20:54,799
lines stay as long as the pilot wanted

494
00:21:00,950 --> 00:20:58,240
it to and operate fully under control so

495
00:21:04,149 --> 00:21:00,960
1899 1905

496
00:21:06,870 --> 00:21:04,159
okay so we have this thing

497
00:21:09,190 --> 00:21:06,880
sitting on our block and

498
00:21:10,789 --> 00:21:09,200
we're going to guess what it is but

499
00:21:12,470 --> 00:21:10,799
i want you to give us one little hint

500
00:21:15,029 --> 00:21:12,480
before we start the clock

501
00:21:16,470 --> 00:21:15,039
well when you look at the airplane it's

502
00:21:22,310 --> 00:21:16,480
made out of what

503
00:21:26,549 --> 00:21:24,070
this is one of the metal parts of the

504
00:22:08,070 --> 00:21:26,559
airplane okay so let's

505
00:22:13,430 --> 00:22:10,470
okay so what do you guys think this is

506
00:22:15,029 --> 00:22:13,440
shout it out okay it is part of an

507
00:22:17,190 --> 00:22:15,039
engine and

508
00:22:20,070 --> 00:22:17,200
tom i think that you went to the right

509
00:22:22,310 --> 00:22:20,080
experience and saw more this is the

510
00:22:24,710 --> 00:22:22,320
crankshaft this is part of it crankcase

511
00:22:26,630 --> 00:22:24,720
crankcase and tom went to the right

512
00:22:30,230 --> 00:22:26,640
experience and we're going to show you

513
00:22:32,630 --> 00:22:30,240
some inside workings of an engine

514
00:22:34,470 --> 00:22:32,640
i'm here with my friend greg cohn who's

515
00:22:38,070 --> 00:22:34,480
the machinist here at the wright

516
00:22:40,310 --> 00:22:38,080
experience and the best machinist i know

517
00:22:44,470 --> 00:22:40,320
greg does all of the engine work here

518
00:22:47,830 --> 00:22:44,480
and a good deal else and this is

519
00:22:49,750 --> 00:22:47,840
uh a copy really of the first the

520
00:22:52,149 --> 00:22:49,760
airplane the engine that powered the

521
00:22:54,870 --> 00:22:52,159
1903 right airplane the world's first

522
00:22:57,350 --> 00:22:54,880
airplane and greg would you tell us a

523
00:22:59,830 --> 00:22:57,360
little bit about it be glad to

524
00:23:01,350 --> 00:22:59,840
all right like he says this is a cutaway

525
00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:01,360
of their first

526
00:23:08,070 --> 00:23:04,720
engine for their 1903 airplane

527
00:23:10,149 --> 00:23:08,080
and their idea was to make it as simply

528
00:23:11,909 --> 00:23:10,159
and as light as possible

529
00:23:13,430 --> 00:23:11,919
they were looking for 12 horsepower

530
00:23:15,350 --> 00:23:13,440
which they

531
00:23:17,669 --> 00:23:15,360
knew would fly the airplane

532
00:23:18,950 --> 00:23:17,679
they chose aluminum

533
00:23:21,750 --> 00:23:18,960
which was

534
00:23:23,350 --> 00:23:21,760
new on the scene at that time and when

535
00:23:24,870 --> 00:23:23,360
it comes to simple construction

536
00:23:26,390 --> 00:23:24,880
otherwise

537
00:23:28,870 --> 00:23:26,400
they had

538
00:23:31,750 --> 00:23:28,880
thin sheet steel for covers

539
00:23:33,830 --> 00:23:31,760
they had bicycle chain

540
00:23:36,549 --> 00:23:33,840
for camshaft driving

541
00:23:38,870 --> 00:23:36,559
they had bicycle tubing for lightweight

542
00:23:40,310 --> 00:23:38,880
connecting rods

543
00:23:44,310 --> 00:23:40,320
no fuel pump

544
00:23:47,830 --> 00:23:44,320
it used gravity feed to supply gasoline

545
00:23:50,789 --> 00:23:47,840
to the engine which was then fed to a

546
00:23:52,230 --> 00:23:50,799
sheet metal manifold

547
00:23:54,630 --> 00:23:52,240
they used

548
00:23:56,710 --> 00:23:54,640
what was called automatic intake valves

549
00:24:00,149 --> 00:23:56,720
the suction stroke will actually pull

550
00:24:02,830 --> 00:24:00,159
this valve open to emit the fuel

551
00:24:05,669 --> 00:24:02,840
they use mechanically operated exhaust

552
00:24:06,630 --> 00:24:05,679
valves the ignition system also very

553
00:24:08,549 --> 00:24:06,640
simple

554
00:24:11,909 --> 00:24:08,559
called make and brake

555
00:24:14,149 --> 00:24:11,919
it has a copper bus bar that is

556
00:24:16,149 --> 00:24:14,159
supplied with low voltage

557
00:24:19,430 --> 00:24:16,159
the voltage is then

558
00:24:21,350 --> 00:24:19,440
enters the combustion chamber itself

559
00:24:23,590 --> 00:24:21,360
by a contact

560
00:24:25,830 --> 00:24:23,600
and at the proper instant the points

561
00:24:27,669 --> 00:24:25,840
break creates a spark

562
00:24:31,590 --> 00:24:27,679
well thanks greg you're welcome tom

563
00:24:35,350 --> 00:24:33,830
okay tom so you can't just have an

564
00:24:37,190 --> 00:24:35,360
engine you have to have something else

565
00:24:38,870 --> 00:24:37,200
to propel the plane so do you want to

566
00:24:41,909 --> 00:24:38,880
talk to us a little bit about what we

567
00:24:44,710 --> 00:24:41,919
have on the back here right the right

568
00:24:47,029 --> 00:24:44,720
airplanes were all pusher airplanes in

569
00:24:49,669 --> 00:24:47,039
other words the propellers on the back

570
00:24:51,669 --> 00:24:49,679
and pushes it forward instead of being

571
00:24:54,870 --> 00:24:51,679
on the nose and pulling it and the

572
00:24:56,470 --> 00:24:54,880
propellers in fact were one of the most

573
00:24:58,870 --> 00:24:56,480
difficult problems that the wright

574
00:25:01,830 --> 00:24:58,880
brothers had to face they looked pretty

575
00:25:03,510 --> 00:25:01,840
simple but in fact they're really pretty

576
00:25:05,510 --> 00:25:03,520
complicated

577
00:25:08,390 --> 00:25:05,520
a propeller

578
00:25:11,430 --> 00:25:08,400
isn't like a screw going into wood it's

579
00:25:14,789 --> 00:25:11,440
a rotary wing you drive a wing through

580
00:25:17,590 --> 00:25:14,799
the air and it generates lift well the

581
00:25:20,710 --> 00:25:17,600
propellers are shaped like wings too and

582
00:25:23,269 --> 00:25:20,720
as they rotate they develop when

583
00:25:25,830 --> 00:25:23,279
lift just like the wing only instead of

584
00:25:27,990 --> 00:25:25,840
lift since they're faced this way it

585
00:25:30,070 --> 00:25:28,000
becomes thrust and it moves the airplane

586
00:25:31,669 --> 00:25:30,080
forward okay so we've looked at a lot of

587
00:25:33,990 --> 00:25:31,679
things today but there's one more

588
00:25:35,830 --> 00:25:34,000
question we need to answer and to answer

589
00:25:38,149 --> 00:25:35,840
that question i talked to peter jacob

590
00:25:42,549 --> 00:25:39,990
so peter we're standing here in front of

591
00:25:44,310 --> 00:25:42,559
the actual 1903 wright flyer and during

592
00:25:47,110 --> 00:25:44,320
this stem and 30 we've looked at a lot

593
00:25:50,470 --> 00:25:47,120
of elements we've looked at airfoils and

594
00:25:52,149 --> 00:25:50,480
control surfaces and propulsion but the

595
00:25:54,149 --> 00:25:52,159
thing we haven't answered the question

596
00:25:55,750 --> 00:25:54,159
we haven't answered is why the wright

597
00:25:57,190 --> 00:25:55,760
brothers why were they successful in

598
00:25:59,190 --> 00:25:57,200
inventing the airplane when so many

599
00:26:00,630 --> 00:25:59,200
others had failed well of course wilbur

600
00:26:02,789 --> 00:26:00,640
norbel wright were extremely good

601
00:26:04,470 --> 00:26:02,799
engineers and had great ingenuity and

602
00:26:05,990 --> 00:26:04,480
applied those skills to solving all of

603
00:26:07,350 --> 00:26:06,000
these elements that you've talked about

604
00:26:08,789 --> 00:26:07,360
but what really separated them from

605
00:26:10,549 --> 00:26:08,799
everyone else is they understood that

606
00:26:12,310 --> 00:26:10,559
the airplane was not one invention but

607
00:26:13,830 --> 00:26:12,320
it was many inventions all of which had

608
00:26:15,430 --> 00:26:13,840
to work together to have a successful

609
00:26:17,190 --> 00:26:15,440
flying machine they had to have a good

610
00:26:19,430 --> 00:26:17,200
set of wings a good structure a good

611
00:26:21,350 --> 00:26:19,440
propulsion system a good control system

612
00:26:22,549 --> 00:26:21,360
and many other elements so they worked

613
00:26:24,149 --> 00:26:22,559
on each of those things and they knew

614
00:26:26,149 --> 00:26:24,159
they had to solve each of those things

615
00:26:27,990 --> 00:26:26,159
for the whole airplane to be successful

616
00:26:29,750 --> 00:26:28,000
and today we call that a technological

617
00:26:31,510 --> 00:26:29,760
system where all the components work

618
00:26:33,350 --> 00:26:31,520
together to achieve the successful

619
00:26:35,190 --> 00:26:33,360
technic engineering goal

620
00:26:36,549 --> 00:26:35,200
thank you so much for answering all of

621
00:26:40,149 --> 00:26:36,559
our questions about the wright brothers

622
00:26:45,909 --> 00:26:43,669
okay and we have another online question

623
00:26:47,750 --> 00:26:45,919
and the question is what level of math

624
00:26:49,190 --> 00:26:47,760
skills did the rights need to build

625
00:26:51,350 --> 00:26:49,200
airplanes

626
00:26:53,909 --> 00:26:51,360
well the wright brothers had enjoyed

627
00:26:57,750 --> 00:26:53,919
math in school

628
00:27:00,230 --> 00:26:57,760
they had algebra and they had geometry

629
00:27:01,990 --> 00:27:00,240
and that was really the mathematics that

630
00:27:03,750 --> 00:27:02,000
they needed to

631
00:27:05,990 --> 00:27:03,760
do what they had to do to invent the

632
00:27:08,549 --> 00:27:06,000
airplane somebody a few minutes ago

633
00:27:10,870 --> 00:27:08,559
asked me how big the airplane was and

634
00:27:13,510 --> 00:27:10,880
really that's something the rights had

635
00:27:16,310 --> 00:27:13,520
to figure out they had to calculate

636
00:27:18,230 --> 00:27:16,320
using algebra and geometry

637
00:27:20,230 --> 00:27:18,240
how much wing area they were going to

638
00:27:22,389 --> 00:27:20,240
have to have to lift the weight of the

639
00:27:25,029 --> 00:27:22,399
airplane the engine and the pilot so

640
00:27:27,909 --> 00:27:25,039
math was real important to the wright

641
00:27:29,750 --> 00:27:27,919
brothers okay and we have another online

642
00:27:32,230 --> 00:27:29,760
question

643
00:27:34,470 --> 00:27:32,240
why is it important to study the origin

644
00:27:39,029 --> 00:27:34,480
of flight today

645
00:27:40,870 --> 00:27:39,039
well rebecca in fact we fly today pretty

646
00:27:44,070 --> 00:27:40,880
much the same way the wright brothers

647
00:27:46,950 --> 00:27:44,080
did in 1903. airplanes don't look like

648
00:27:49,830 --> 00:27:46,960
this today and in fact the parts are in

649
00:27:52,549 --> 00:27:49,840
a different position sometimes we use

650
00:27:55,510 --> 00:27:52,559
jets today instead of propellers but the

651
00:27:57,269 --> 00:27:55,520
basic principles that they used of

652
00:27:59,830 --> 00:27:57,279
aircraft control

653
00:28:00,789 --> 00:27:59,840
of studying aerodynamics and that kind

654
00:28:04,310 --> 00:28:00,799
of thing

655
00:28:06,789 --> 00:28:04,320
that hasn't changed very much since 1903

656
00:28:09,269 --> 00:28:06,799
so the basic principles were there in

657
00:28:11,590 --> 00:28:09,279
the beginning and by studying those we

658
00:28:14,870 --> 00:28:11,600
can understand how we got to where we

659
00:28:17,029 --> 00:28:14,880
are today okay and so

660
00:28:19,430 --> 00:28:17,039
we actually have

661
00:28:22,789 --> 00:28:19,440
um a simulator here that's going to show

662
00:28:26,630 --> 00:28:22,799
us how the wright brothers flew in their

663
00:28:33,110 --> 00:28:29,269
hi it's paul glenshaw again and i've got

664
00:28:35,190 --> 00:28:33,120
my co-pilot here tell us your name

665
00:28:37,269 --> 00:28:35,200
mikhail and he and i are going to fly

666
00:28:38,789 --> 00:28:37,279
the wright brothers 1908

667
00:28:40,470 --> 00:28:38,799
flyer that they brought here to

668
00:28:42,789 --> 00:28:40,480
washington d.c

669
00:28:45,110 --> 00:28:42,799
to sell to the army and they flew it at

670
00:28:46,950 --> 00:28:45,120
fort myer just across the potomac river

671
00:28:48,389 --> 00:28:46,960
so how this works is this we are on the

672
00:28:50,230 --> 00:28:48,399
ground now put your hand up on the

673
00:28:51,669 --> 00:28:50,240
control and we're going to fly together

674
00:28:53,350 --> 00:28:51,679
i'm the guy who's going to get us in the

675
00:28:55,269 --> 00:28:53,360
air

676
00:28:57,269 --> 00:28:55,279
here we go we are climbing that's the

677
00:28:59,350 --> 00:28:57,279
pitch that beth was talking about and

678
00:29:01,190 --> 00:28:59,360
then i put the nose down again so you

679
00:29:02,230 --> 00:29:01,200
can see that this makes the airplane

680
00:29:03,990 --> 00:29:02,240
climb

681
00:29:05,269 --> 00:29:04,000
and this makes the airplane dive now i'm

682
00:29:07,190 --> 00:29:05,279
going to get us nice and steady and

683
00:29:09,029 --> 00:29:07,200
you're going to help us turn so if you

684
00:29:10,149 --> 00:29:09,039
push the sticks forward

685
00:29:12,549 --> 00:29:10,159
you're going to see the airplane will

686
00:29:15,269 --> 00:29:12,559
start turning to the left now pull us to

687
00:29:16,789 --> 00:29:15,279
the right which means pull come on back

688
00:29:19,510 --> 00:29:16,799
keep going until the airplane reacts

689
00:29:21,269 --> 00:29:19,520
there you go but not too much because

690
00:29:23,190 --> 00:29:21,279
then we start to go down again so push

691
00:29:24,630 --> 00:29:23,200
them to the left again

692
00:29:26,549 --> 00:29:24,640
and what we want to do is get the

693
00:29:27,350 --> 00:29:26,559
airplane to uh

694
00:29:28,950 --> 00:29:27,360
to

695
00:29:30,789 --> 00:29:28,960
just fly nice and steady now we're gonna

696
00:29:32,870 --> 00:29:30,799
see if we can land it right there on

697
00:29:34,710 --> 00:29:32,880
that field this is 1908 so there's no

698
00:29:39,990 --> 00:29:34,720
airports anywhere we can just land

699
00:29:44,950 --> 00:29:42,470
so that's stem and 30 for today i want

700
00:29:47,110 --> 00:29:44,960
to thank the alcohol foundation tom